Abstract
Contributors from University of Michigan’s Department of Aerospace Engineering have published in Applied Physics Letters an item suggesting that implantable pacemakers could derive what little energy they need from an intrinsic source, namely the mechanical movement of the heart itself.
Background
Though pacemakers require only small amounts of energy (about 1 millionth of a Watt), their batteries have to be replaced periodically, which means multiple surgeries for patients. Researchers have searched for ways to prolong battery life – trying to generate energy to power a pacemaker using blood sugar, or the motion of the hands and legs – but these methods either interfere with metabolism or require a more drastic surgery, such as passing a wire from the limbs to the chest area.
Aerospace engineers from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor have developed a prototype device that could power a pacemaker using a source that is surprisingly close to the heart of the matter: vibrations in the chest cavity that are due mainly to heartbeats.
Clever stuff
The authors describe the technique and their progress developing it in a paper recently published in the AIP’s Applied Physics Letters. In their method, vibrations in the chest cavity deform a layer of piezoelectric material, which is able to convert mechanical stress into electrical current. Tests indicate that the device could perform at heart rates from 7 to 700 beats per minute (well below and above the normal range), and that it could deliver eight times the energy required for a pacemaker. Furthermore, the authors write, the amount of energy generated is always larger than the amount required to run a pacemaker, regardless of heart rate. Though the team has yet to develop a prototype that is biocompatible, they say that the potential to package this energy harvester with pacemakers gives it an advantage over competing methods.
Source: “Powering Pacemakers from Heartbeat Vibrations Using Linear and Nonlinear Energy Harvesters” is published in Applied Physics Letters.
Authors: M. Amin Karami (1) and Daniel J. Inman (1).
(1) Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan
published: February 3, 2012 in: Cardio, Journals, Technology, Universities